Islam, Education and Civilization

A.   Background

Islam is not merely a religious symbol but a doctrine that comes from God which reflect ideas for education to guide, to lead human beings so that they can become a perfect man (al-Insan al-Kamil). As a universal religion that Islam has provided guidelines for human life to happiness, which can be achieved by a process of education as a whole, because education is an important key to open the way human life.

Islam and education is a substance that can not be separated. Education serves as a tool to create goals and Islam provide the foundation and teachings to develop various ideas about Islamic education. Education in the Islamic context in accordance with that mentioned by Al-Farabi has a lot of concepts that include the at-Tarbiyyah, at-ta’lim, and at-ta'dib. Each term has the same meaning and understanding of different, although similar meaning in certain things.

Likewise with civilization, a civilization assessed glories of world education. Education in general is the institution of human life, to discover the essence of human life in the world. The process of education itself must be able to transform a variety of science, behavioral attitude, and devotion in life is comprehensif. So that learners are able to deliver ready to receive physical and spiritual gifts of Allah which no infinite numbers of people throughout this life.

B.   Hubungan antara Islam, Pendidikan, dan Civilization

Islamic education is an institution that can compose the human mind and also a stepping stone from the glorious civilization. Pendidiakan has spawned Islamic scholars who promote the teachings of Islam itself in the 8th century to 16th. They include the philosophy of Averroes, Avicenna with health sciences, and al-Farabiy with educational theories. This has proved successful advanced and Islamic civilization at that time.

Glorious civilization that can not be separated from education. Including the Islamic civilization itself. Teciptanya a perfect civilization as whole human beings capable of thinking about and realize the concept of an education. Civilization, Islamic, and education is a component that has the link between one another. Civilization would not exist without the existence of positive changes caused by changes in the mindset of someone as a manifestation of the concept of an Islamic education.

As the concept of a teaching, Islamic education should be able to direct and guide people through the education process to become adults who are god-fearing muslim personality to be able to restore and raise the Islamic civilization has collapsed along with the times.

C.   Kontradiksi antara Islam, Pendidikan dan Peradaban dalam Theory dan Reality

Islamic civilization has managed to control almost the entire world in the 8th century until the 16th century, has given its own color in Islamic history. Islamic civilization can progress rapidly in the century because it is supported by the book. Apart from being a media and information source book is also a measure of a civilization that is considered advanced. Qalam and Iqra is a reference in the process of Islamic education at that time that has successfully introduced the teachings of Islam as a doctrine that has a higher position than the western world.

            During a long Islamic kehilafaan especially khalifaan Abbasid period, the library-library is widespread in many areas the caliphate, among others: Baghdad, Ram Hurnuz, Rayy (Raghes), Merv (Khurasan area) and so on. Moreover, the norm at the time, in every mosque must have a library open to the public. This is what sustains the progress of Islamic peradabaan at the time, because besides the number of available learning media as well because of the high concept of the Pen and Iqra thoughts in a person.

This is in stark contrast would we get if we look at Islamic civilization at this time. Where Islam mengelami setback in a variety of access. This is more or less due to the lack of human consciousness, especially the Muslims of the concept of thinking and learning Pen and Iqra that form the core of the contents of Qur'an and hadith. Awareness of the importance of education, especially Islamic education is a major problem. Concept and Islamic thought could actually be material to the teachings of the Muslims in order to continue the glory of Islam as in the 8th century. But the problems created by man himself who is the turning point of the collapse of Islamic civilization. Promiscuity by teenagers / students, deception which is the fruit of the hands of the people who call themselves are knowledgeable persons, theft / corruption committed by persons residing in the country that most of the followers of his religion is Islam which reduces even eliminate the image of the triumph of Islam itself.

 Thoughts and views and theories generated by cendekiwan-Islamic scholars seemed to have no meaning. While western nations which was originally a nation that has no concept of thinking about science and have even more to grow even further to leave the developed countries before. Literacy is a guideline they are the key success of the West. Muslims in particular the Indonesian people should be able to reflect the mindset and technological progress of these western nations.

D.   Pendidikan yang Memanusiakan Manusia

Education is the prophet of Islam in Mecca is a prototype which aims to foster Muslim personal human spirit to become strong and prepared into an Islamic society, mubalig and a good educator. After the pilgrimage, Islamic education has directed the development and education in addition to a personal form of Islam is also aimed at fostering human aspects in managing and maintaining the livelihoods of our universe.

One is to require the teaching of Islam to Muslims to carry out education. Because according to the teachings of Islam, education is an absolute requirement of human life must be met, for the sake of achieving kesejahraan and happiness in this world and the hereafter. This can be met if the 4 pillars of education in cetuskan by UNESCO in the XXI century can be met, such as learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be.

1.      Learning to know, education is essentially an attempt to seek to know the information is necessary and useful for life. Learning to know (learning to know) in the process is not simply knowing what is meaningful but also at the same time knowing what is not beneficial to life.

2. Learning to do, education is a process of learning to do something. The learning process produces changes in the cognitive, competence enhancement, and the selection and acceptance values​​. Education equips people not just to know, but even more to do skilled or doing something that produces something meaningful to life.

3.  Learning to be, mastery of knowledge and skills is part of the process of learning to be yourself. Being a self-defined as the process of understanding the needs and identity. Learning to behave in accordance with the norms and rules in force in the community, and learn to become successful, is actually the process of achieving self-actualization.
Maximum self-development (learning to be) closely related to their talents and interests, physical and psychological development, personal typology of children & the environment. The ability of self is formed in the maximum school enables children to develop themselves at a higher level.

4.  Learning to live together, With the ability, as a result of the education process, to be the protection to be able to play in an environment where individuals are located, and able to put themselves in accordance with its role. An understanding of the role of self and others in the group studied is socializing at lunch in the community.

The four pillars that proclaimed by UNESCO was able to change someone into a perfect man (al-Insan al-Kamil), but the implementation of the 4 pillars are still observed. To create the perfect man (al-Ihsan al-Kamil) in addition to the theory held must be accompanied by good implementation.

E.   Conclution

       1. Civilization, Islamic, and education is a component that has the link between one another. Civilization would not exist without the existence of positive changes caused by changes in the mindset of someone as a manifestation of the concept of an Islamic education. Likewise with education that serves as a tool to create goals and Islam provide the foundation and teachings to develop various ideas about Islamic education.

2.  Islam, education, and civilization if viewed in terms of the theory is very much different from the reality that occurred in the field. This is more or less caused by a lack of awareness and implementation of human beings, especially Muslims will the concept of thinking and learning Qalam and Iqra that form the core of the contents of Qur'an and hadith.

3. One is to require the teaching of Islam to Muslims to carry out education. Because according to the teachings of Islam, education is an absolute requirement of human life must be met, for the sake of achieving kesejahraan and happiness in this world and the hereafter. This can be met if the 4 pillars of education in cetuskan by UNESCO in the XXI century can be met, such as learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be.